6/23/2023 0 Comments Vermillion insidiaGreek alchemist Zosimus of Panopolis (third–fourth century AD) wrote that such a method existed. The Chinese were probably the first to make a synthetic vermilion as early as the fourth century BC. Efforts began early to find a better way to make the pigment. Greek philosopher Theophrastus of Eresus (371–286 BC) described the process in De Lapidibus, the first scientific book on minerals. Larger crystals produce duller and less-orange hue.Ĭinnabar pigment was a side product of the mining of mercury, and mining cinnabar was difficult, expensive, and dangerous, because of the toxicity of mercury. Differences in hue are caused by the size of the ground particles of pigment. Vermilion is not one specific hue mercuric sulfides make a range of warm hues, from bright orange-red to a duller reddish-purple that resembles fresh duck liver. Like most mercury compounds, it is toxic. The pigment was originally made by grinding a powder of cinnabar ( mercury sulfide). Vermilion is a dense, opaque pigment with a clear, brilliant hue. Thus, the natural mineral pigment is called "cinnabar", and its synthetic form is called "vermilion" from red lead. The term cinnabar is used in mineralogy and crystallography for the red crystalline form of mercury sulfide HgS. The first recorded use of "vermilion" as a color name in English was in 1289. The name originated because it had a similar color to the natural red dye made from an insect, Kermes vermilio, which was widely used in Europe. Used first in English in the 13th century, the word vermilion came from the Old French word vermeillon, which was derived from vermeil, from the Latin vermiculus – the diminutive of the Latin word vermis for worm. It is synonymous with red orange, which often takes a modern form, but is 11% brighter (at full brightness). Vermilion (sometimes vermillion) is a color family and pigment most often used between antiquity and the 19th century from the powdered mineral cinnabar (a form of mercury sulfide). A Chinese "cinnabar red" carved lacquer box from the Qing dynasty (1736–1795), National Museum of China, Beijing
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